What is the primary mechanism of action of oseltamivir?

Oseltamivir works primarily by inhibiting the enzyme neuraminidase, which is crucial for the replication and spread of the influenza virus. Neuraminidase facilitates the release of new viral particles from infected cells; it cleaves sialic acid residues on the surface of host cells, allowing the virus to escape and infect other cells. By blocking this enzyme, oseltamivir effectively prevents the release of the virus and reduces the severity and duration of influenza symptoms.

The other mechanisms mentioned are associated with different antiviral agents. Inhibition of viral RNA synthesis pertains to drugs targeting the replication of viral genetic material, while disruption of the viral protein coat refers to mechanisms used by other classes of antivirals, such as protease inhibitors or entry inhibitors. Stimulation of the immune response generally involves different types of treatments, like vaccines or immune modulators. Therefore, the specificity of oseltamivir’s action as a neuraminidase inhibitor is what makes it effective against influenza.