What is a notable side effect of the antiviral drug acyclovir?

Acyclovir is an antiviral medication primarily used to treat infections caused by certain viruses, particularly herpes simplex virus and varicella-zoster virus. One significant side effect associated with acyclovir is nephrotoxicity. This can occur due to the crystallization of the drug in the renal tubules, especially when it is administered rapidly intravenously or in cases where fluid intake is inadequate.

Nephrotoxicity from acyclovir is important for healthcare providers to monitor because it can lead to acute kidney injury, particularly in patients with preexisting renal impairment or those receiving high doses. Adequate hydration is often recommended to mitigate this risk, as ensuring sufficient fluid intake can help in preventing crystallization and promote renal clearance of the drug.

While acyclovir may have other side effects, such as nausea, rash, or hematological issues like hemolytic anemia, nephrotoxicity stands out as a notable concern due to its mechanism of action and the way the drug is processed in the body. Understanding these potential side effects is crucial for proper patient management and ensuring safe use of antiviral therapy.